The ABCs of layering and its benefits
The primary purpose of layering is to maintain an even body temperature (regardless of physical exertion or weather conditions) by regularly adding and removing layers. During winter or chilly weather, this is vital to prevent hypothermia, especially when engaging in sweat-inducing or stop-and-go activities. Layers should be easily accessible for quick deployment or storage.
Base Layer (next to skin) wicks sweat away from your skin so it can dry quickly to prevent chill. For cool or cold weather, your base layer must fit snugly. If it's not touching your skin, it can't wick sweat. Serious shivering occurs if sweat sits on your skin until it evaporates. You can choose from synthetics (like Patagonia's Capilene©, wool (like Icebreaker's pure merino) or a blend of the two (like Outdoor Research's Dri-release© Wool); AVOID cotton because it takes too long to dry.
Mid Layer (insulation) traps body heat. It can range from lightweight fleeces and wool sweaters to fluffy down pieces; it just depends on the season and your personal preference. During high-aerobic activities (ice climbing, backcountry snowshoeing), your insulation stays in your pack so your body heat can escape. Once you stop moving, put it on so you won't cool down while your sweat dries.
Outer Layers (shells) are like the walls of a house--they prevent wind and precipitation from getting in and create a micro-climate. When the temperature gets too high, ventilation features (pit zips) allow excess heat to escape. Trapped sweat drops your body temperature. In winter and on extended trips, a breathable, waterproof shell is a necessity.
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